Even though HuD is also normally sequestered from immune cells, many patients may already be tolerant to HuD before their tumours arise, possibly because of tolerogenic presentation of HuD in the thymus–as for many other auto-antigens [36]–or in the CNS (e.g. by microglia) [37] or its draining lymph nodes. Here, ELAVL4 is linked to neoplasm.