The aim of this study was to identify potential novel autoantibodies for T2DM using a functional protein microarray containing 9480 human proteins with plasma from Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes and the lower insulin-secretion HLA background (18) (i.e. without HLA-DRB1*02) compared with those with normal glucose regulation and the higher insulin-secretion haplotype (i.e. with HLA-DRB1*02). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.