APOA1 and LCAT deficiency: Moreover, numbers of point mutations in the apoA-I protein (R160V; H162A; V156E; A159R; L159P; R160L; P165R and R173C), which are in the same region as the A164S variant, are associated with LCAT deficiency and low HDL levels in both animal models and humans [7, 27, 28].