BSG and breast carcinoma: In breast cancer cells, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and amphiregulin induced the expression of CD147 via an EGF receptor (EGFR) pathway [117,118] and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) increased CD147 expression in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-dependent manner in hepatocytes [102].