Considering that it is difficult to assess whether the endothelium produces fractalkine during human sepsis in vivo, we compared the kinetics of fractalkine release into the circulation relative to that of the established specific endothelial cell activation marker E-selectin [32, 33] in a controlled human setting of systemic inflammation induced by bolus intravenous injection of LPS. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CL1 and Sepsis.