Miao et al. [48] conducted a retrospective analysis and found that chemotherapy selection based on gene expression of ERCC1 (platinum based therapies resistance), RRM1 (gemcitabine resistance), TS (pemetrexed resistance), and TUBB3 (vincristine resistance) in tumors resulted in higher rate of disease free survival [1 year = 66.7 vs. 44.7 % (P = 0.014); 2 year 48.9 vs. 27.2 % (P = 0.010)] in stage IIIA NSCLC patients [48]. The gene discussed is TYMS; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.