TYMS and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Several studies have investigated the efficacy of selecting chemotherapies based on expression of genes ERCC1 (excision repair cross complementing gene 1), RRM1 (ribonucleotide reductase), TS (thymidylate synthase), TUBB3 (type III β-tubulin), and BRCA1 (breast cancer susceptibility gene 1) that are associated with chemoresistance in NSCLC [42, 47, 48, 65].