FABP2 and celiac disease: Plasma I-FABP is easy to measure using a commercial ELISA (Hycult Biotech, Uden, the Netherlands), reflects small-intestinal villus damage, and has a short half-life, meaning it is a dynamic marker of the intestinal epithelium [34]; it is a useful biomarker of celiac disease [35], and studies are under way in Zambia to correlate I-FABP concentrations with epithelial breaches detected by confocal laser endomicroscopy (Paul Kelly, personal communication).