Because the local proliferation of macrophages has been revealed as a key event in atherosclerosis (Robbins et al., 2013[35]; Rosenfeld and Ross, 1990[36]), and in situ hybridisation confirmed the presence of iNOS in macrophages, foam cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells of atherosclerotic vessels (Buttery et al., 1996[7]), we investigated the correlation between the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthesis by oxidatively modified LDL and macrophage proliferation. Here, NOS2 is linked to atherosclerosis.