ACE and congestive heart failure: Its incidence oscillates between 0.6 to 3.0% of the general population 37 and is as high as 25.0% in high-risk patients, including those with diabetes, a history of congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease 38 advanced age, malnutrition or concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs (anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists and aminoglycosides) 1,38.