After adjustment for patient and HP characteristics (S3 Table), the prescription of bitherapy was associated with the accompanying parent being a farmer (aOR 2.64); a diagnosis of pharyngitis (aOR 2.17), gastroenteritis (aOR 0.52), otitis (aOR 2.27), or influenza (aOR 2.36); child's temperature ≥ 39°C (aOR≥39°C 3.97); and recruitment by a pediatrician (aOR 2.02). The gene discussed is HP; the disease is influenza.