Although the S17 signature was also associated with other known risk factors including some cytogenetic aberrations, FLT3‐ITD and NPM1 status, as anticipated from a marker which is overexpressed in the vast majority of AML samples (Ostergaard et al, 2004), it was also predictive of clinical outcome independently of the currently accepted ELN genetic groups (Dohner et al, 2010). This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia.