In addition, recent data indicate that type II IFN (IFN-II; only member IFN-γ) produced by NK and CD4+ Th1 cells has a beneficial effect on disease outcomes after JEV infection [21, 22], although the requirement for IFN-II in recovery from infection with different flaviviruses varies [21, 23–29]. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is infection.