To establish a causative link between SENP1-dependent NF-κB activation and type 1 diabetes, SENP1-aP2KO mice were treated at the age of 5 weeks with intraperitoneal injection of NF-κB activation inhibitor II JSH-23 (2 mg kg−1 in 10% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) diluted with PBS) twice a week for 6 weeks. Here, NFKB1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.