SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In 2004 more than 10 y after the identification of SOD1 as an ALS causative gene, a missense mutation in a conserved region of the human VAMP/Associated Protein B (hVAPB) was shown to cause a range of motor neuron diseases including spinal muscular atrophy, atypical ALS and typical ALS (ALS8).12