TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Over the past 5 years, a number of additional genes have been shown to cause ALS and the vast majority of them can be clustered into 2 functional categories: genes affecting RNA metabolism such as TDP43 and FUS and genes that affect protein degradation by controlling the 2 major protein clearance pathways: the autophagy and the ubiquitin/proteasome system.23