VEGFA and neoplasm: Furthermore, using microarray analysis, we found that the antitumorigenic effects of PBLD overexpression were likely associated with the inhibition of multiple tumor progression–related signaling pathways, including vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis and others, even if the precise mechanism of PBLD for tumor inhibition is yet not entirely clear and requires further study.