These diseases include multiple sclerosis, systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis caused by gain-of-function NLRP3 mutations, rheumatic diseases and familial-type Mediterranean fever (Guarda et al., 2011a; Inoue et al., 2012b; Inoue and Shinohara, 2013b; Malhotra et al., 2015; van Kempen et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and multiple sclerosis.