In macrophages and in animal models, studies have also defined a role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in the initiation and development of cerebral and myocardial ischemic diseases, including cerebral ischemia/stroke and myocardial ischemia (Sandanger et al., 2013; Marchetti et al., 2014; Hecker et al., 2015; Ito et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and brain ischemia.