Severity of multiple sclerosis in patients correlates closely with levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1 (Ming et al., 2002; Jha et al., 2010; Lalor et al., 2011); the serum levels of both ILs and of active caspase-1 (p20) are elevated in mice with EAE (Inoue et al., 2012a,b). This evidence concerns the gene CASP1 and multiple sclerosis.