NPY and neurodegenerative disease: It is known that the NPY system undergoes profound changes during many neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in experimental models of temporal lobe epilepsy (Decressac and Barker, 2012; Malva et al., 2012), including the TMT-induced model of hippocampal injury (Ishida et al., 1997; Tsunashima et al., 1998; Ishikura et al., 2002).