TP53 and Balkan nephropathy: This DNA lesion produces specific A to T transversion mutations that were detected in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene in tumors of patients suffering from AAN and BEN [8,9,20] and in immortalized Hupki (human TP53 knock-in) mouse fibroblast cells (HUFs) treated with AAI [21], suggesting a molecular mechanism of AA-induced carcinogenic processes [8,22].