Decreased levels of SOD1 were found in patients chronically infected with HCV (Diamond et al., 2012, Levent et al., 2006), in HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (Dillon et al., 2013, Megger et al., 2013), as well as in HBV-associated cancer tissue (Kim et al., 2003). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is cancer.