CNP and acinar cell carcinoma: Treatment of acinar carcinoma cells (AR42J) with CnP (0.1 mg/mL) induced the expression of neurogenin-3 by activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase [65], and a combination treatment of CnP (0.4 mg/mL) and betacellulin (1 nM) in ductal cells obtained from neonatal rats stimulated their differentiation into insulin-producing cells [66].