A decrease in cardiac expression of PPAR-β/δ was found in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy [120, 121], and reduction in PPAR-β/δ expression during hyperglycemia is associated with increased reactive oxygen species production [121], TNF-α, IL-6, and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) activity. The gene discussed is PPARD; the disease is diabetic cardiomyopathy.