Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated a constitutive stabilization of Nrf2 in various human cancers;11, 12, 13, 14 and cancers with high Nrf2 level are associated with poor prognosis.10, 11 In addition, elevated Nrf2 activity enhances the expression of PPP enzymes including G6PD, and accelerates cancer cell proliferation.15 Deletion of Nrf2 can reduce carcinogen-induced lung tumor development in mice,16 and the oncogenes K-Ras and Myc specifically target the expression of Nrf2 in cancer cells.17 These data suggest that Nrf2 is an important mediator of oncogenesis. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is cancer.