AKT1 and infection: In mammalian cells, the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K) signaling pathway is the primary pathway that regulates autophagy when cells are exposed to certain conditions, such as starvation, oxidative stress, infection, and tumor suppression [7].