We detected positive OLFM4 staining, but not SHH staining, in Gleason score 4–7 prostate-cancer specimens, while OLFM4 staining was reduced or lost and SHH staining was increased in Gleason scores 8–10 prostate-cancer specimens (Fig. 7b and Supplementary Table S2). Here, OLFM4 is linked to prostate carcinoma.