EDN1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Although the expression of Gpnmb is regulated by BMP-2 in osteoblasts, RANKL (receptor-activated NFκB ligand) in osteoclasts, CSF (colony stimulating factor) in hepatocellular carcinoma, endothelin-1 in melanoma cells and mTORC1 in adipocytes, the expression regulation of Gpnmb in hepatic macrophages and stellate cells under obesity is not elucidated in current investigation.