Second, oncolytic viruses infection itself could induce the up-regulation of CTLA-4 [62] or PD-L1 through activation of IFN-γ producing cytotoxic CD8 T cells [39,63], thereby allowing antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to reach their maximum therapeutic potential. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is viral infectious disease.