Additional studies have shown that the expression of components involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial transcription factor B1 (TFB1M)), mitochondrial translation and mitochondrial lipid biosynthesis (Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) and GOLPH3L) are upregulated in human breast carcinoma cells and downregulated in adjacent stromal cells [111]. Here, NRF1 is linked to breast carcinoma.