Since hypoxia can induce a switch from apoptosis to cell survival via alternative splicing of the Bnip3 gene, further studies are required to determine how the splicing of Bnip3 mRNA switches between these two isoforms during non-ischemic and ischemic cardiomyopathy [99,100]. This evidence concerns the gene BNIP3 and ischemic cardiomyopathy.