ARAF and infection: The up-regulation of PKS proteins in CLas(+) D. citri may be a specific response of Profftella to the presence of CLas, as part of an infection response that may be mediated by D. citri. More studies are needed to establish the natural variation of both Profftella copy number and diaphorin concentration in D. citri populations, rigorously accounting for variation in insects and host plants in addition to the presence of absence of CLas.