TGFB1 and gastric cancer: It has been proved to promote the antiinflammatory effects of TGF-β signaling via binding to TAB2 and TAB3 and inhibiting TAK1.16,17 Apart from that, TGF-β plays an important role in promoting metastasis in many solid tumors.18 Studies have indicated that SMAD7 gene is related with breast cancer,19 gastric cancer,20 pancreatic cancer,21 CRC,22 and so on.