In our in vitro co-culture studies, we observed upregulation of PD-L1 but decreased production of IL-10 and increased production of IL-12 p70 in the presence of cetuximab-coated tumor cells (Figs. 5 and 6), indicating cetuximab coated on tumor cells skews naïve monocytes towards an M1 but not M2 polarization, and PD-L1 is not a necessary marker for M2 MΦ/Mo. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and neoplasm.