For a better understanding of this duality of mHsp70, we addressed the question whether serum Hsp70 levels are associated with clinical parameters, such as gross tumor volume (GTV) at diagnosis and after radiochemotherapy (RCT), and whether serum Hsp70 levels can have impact on the immune phenotype of squamous cell and adeno NSCLC (18). This evidence concerns the gene HSPA1A and neoplasm.