TNF and atherosclerosis: TNFα is first synthesized as a transmembrane protein and then is turned into is soluble form through the cleavage by ADAM-17 (A disintegrin A metalloproteinase 17), which increased activity is related to ischemia, heart failure, atherosclerosis, diabetes and hypertension (Peschon et al., 1998; Menghini et al., 2013; Xia et al., 2013; Speck et al., 2015).