Neuropathology in AD is characterized by the deposition of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, constituted by hyper-phosphorylated tau, in the brain parenchyma (Hardy and Selkoe, 2002), intimately associated with activated microglia and astrocytes (Kim and de Vellis, 2005; Jellinger, 2006; Heneka and O’banion, 2007; von Bernhardi, 2007; von Bernhardi et al., 2010), and loss of synapses and neurons (Uylings and de Brabander, 2002). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.