TNF and glaucoma: TNF is involved in certain types of glaucoma (Tezel and Wax, 2000; Yan et al., 2000; Yuan and Neufeld, 2000; Tezel et al., 2001; Nakazawa et al., 2006; Sawada et al., 2010), and the TNF injection model may be useful in understanding the mechanism of axonal degeneration of RGCs (Kitaoka et al., 2006; Munemasa and Kitaoka, 2013).