While decreased expression is a greater risk for ALS and can cause MN degeneration due to reduced ischemic tolerance (Oosthuyse et al., 2001), increased VEGFa expression by reactive astrocytes due to NF-κB-dependent pathways leads to greater infiltration of peripheral immune cells and blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in multiple sclerosis (MS) mouse models (Argaw et al., 2012; Chapouly et al., 2015). Here, NFKB1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.