For example, Ren-2 rats (rats expressing the mouse gene for submandibular gland renin [160]) with HF had higher galectin-3 protein levels, and galectin-3 mRNA expression was greater in human heart biopsies from aortic stenosis patients with reduced ejection fraction compared to those with preserved ejection fraction [161]. Here, LGALS3 is linked to aortic stenosis.