Additionally, quantitative realtime PCR was performed to validate RNA-seq data and the transcript levels of cytokines/chemokines, such as CXCL10, CXCL11, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-24, were all up-regulated upon H5N1 and H5N8 infection (data not shown). The gene discussed is CXCL11; the disease is infection.