Prior reports implicated S1P signaling in cerebral ischemia where it was presumed to act through effects on immune cells, including elevated S1P levels [31] and that the nonselective S1P receptor modulator, FTY720 (fingolimod), a current therapy for MS [17–20], reduces brain damage in cerebral ischemia [32–36]. Here, MBTPS1 is linked to brain ischemia.