PIK3CA and cancer: A recent report also showed that TERT promoter mutations are key determinants for HCC, as they are observed in low- or high- grade dysplastic nodules (LGDNs, HGDNs), while other mutations in ten cancer genes (CTNNB1, TP53, ARID1A, ARID2, NFE2L2, AXIN1, PIK3CA, KEAP1, RPS6KA3, and CDKN2A) have not been observed in cirrhotic livers, LGDNs, and or HGDNs [38].