To further understand the biological processes involved in the pathogenesis, we performed a pathway enrichment analysis in terms of the global canonical pathway using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), which represents immunology and inflammation pathways (such as B cell receptor signaling, IL signaling, IGF signaling, GM-CSF signaling pathway, etc.), Erythropoietin signaling, ERK/MAPK signaling and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were closely associated with the human renal carcinoma protein-protein interaction (PPI) network (Figure 2D). Here, EPO is linked to renal carcinoma.