F2R and cancer: Importantly, PAR-1 expression was also described in cancer-associated fibroblasts (in contrast to benign lesions, where such expression was not observed), ECs, myocytes of vessels, mast cells, and macrophages in the malignant tumor microenvironment [32, 74], where PAR-1 and PAR-2 stimulate macrophages to synthesize and secrete thrombin as well as other growth factors [74].