Moreover, in epithelial cancers (e.g., gastric and breast), the thrombin/PAR-1 complex leads to alteration in basement membrane components (increased expression of fibronectin, Wnt and β-catenin, decreased expression of E-cadherin) as well as cytoskeletal proteins (myosin IIA and filamin B), which collectively regulate EMT involved in malignant tumor progression [45, 46, 75, 77, 94, 189]. This evidence concerns the gene F2R and cancer.