Targets of the FMRP have been implicated previously in both schizophrenia and autism.21, 22, 23 Complete expression failure of FMRP itself, which characterises Fragile X syndrome, is known to be associated with elevated rates of ADHD, autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders.40 Indeed, the majority of males with Fragile X syndrome show ADHD. The gene discussed is FMR1; the disease is autism.