Although our data from clinical specimens were not able to show the differential response to simvastatin between ER-positive and ER-negative tumors probably due to the relatively small sample size of this clinical study (n = 3 for ER-negative patients), functional studies concordantly showed ER-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and BT-549) to be more sensitive than ER-positive cells (MCF-7 and T47D) to simvastatin treatment. Here, ESR1 is linked to breast carcinoma.