We showed that DEX inhibited CXCL13 production by epithelial cells and SPP1 production by TAMs (Figure 3 and Figure 6—figure supplement 1), inhibited the EMT (Figure 6—figure supplement 1), reduced the tumor burden and prolonged the life span of the mice (Figure 2), revealing a new mechanism for this existing drug. Here, CXCL13 is linked to neoplasm.