Using a microarray analysis of 84 cytokines/chemokines in tumor samples and their adjacent normal lung tissues of eight HPR NSCLCs, we found that the expression of four cytokines (IL-1F5, IL-1F9, MIF, and SPP1) and seven chemokines (CXCL13, CCL7, CCL20, CCL26, CXCL6, CXCL9, and CXCL14) was increased in tumors compared with their counterpart normal lung tissues (Figure 1A). Here, SPP1 is linked to neoplasm.