CXCL1 and neoplasm: The expression of three cytokines (IL-1α, IL-5, and TNF-α) and nine chemokines (CCL4, CCL17, CCL18, CCL21, CCL23, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL5) was lower in the tumor samples than in the normal controls (Figure 1A).