Previous evidence indicated that inflammation-related cytokines have important roles in dry AMD development, and VEGFA is the key regulator of neovascular AMD formation.28 As depicted in Figure 2, autophagy resulting from 25μM A2E increased with the accumulation of incubation time up to 12 h, but significantly decreased at 24 h, probably because autophagic dysfunction occurred and thereby inflicted further irreversible loss of RPE cells after a 12 h incubation. Here, VEGFA is linked to dry age related macular degeneration.