Human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the main factor for cervical cancer [20], and as expected, the biological process of ‘response to virus’ was enriched only in the upregulated gene population of patients with cervical cancer, with Mx1, interferon regulating factors 7 and 9 (Irf7, Irf9), and interferon-stimulated genes 15 and 20 (Isg15, Isg20), exhibiting high expression levels and thus confirming the activation of antiviral response-related genes in HPV-infected cells (S2A Fig). This evidence concerns the gene ISG15 and cervical carcinoma.