ATF6 and neoplasm: GRP78 prevents tumor cells from apoptosis, and ATF6α translocates to Golgi where it is processed and migrates to the nucleus where it stimulates transcription of survival genes.25 On the contrary, p38 is activated by phosphorylation through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, then p-p38 translocates to the nucleus.