LAMA4 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: In a previous study we performed a genome-wide analysis on RCC patients with no evidence of other diseases at the time of diagnosis, comparing T versus paired adjacent NT renal tissue of the same patient, as described in the “Methods” section.31 We identified 4 novel ccRCC-associated biomarkers, PTP4A3, LAMA4, KCNJ1, and TCF21, whose sensitivity ranged from 77.8% to 100%.