BCHE and Alzheimer disease: The roles of antioxidants and cholinesterase inhibitors have been proven to be ineffective in treating or delaying AD [187–189], while apoptosis can be triggered by myriad direct or indirect causes, and therefore defining the apoptosis triggers (e.g., the inhibition of macroautophagy, DNA damage, accumulation of misfolded proteins, and other examples), rather than apoptosis itself, would be more beneficial for further mechanistic studies of TCM [190–192].